| O |
| Old World |
| The Old World is Europe, Asia, and Africa. The New World is the Americas. This distinction is an ethnocentric reflection of the European origin of our modern sciences. |
| Olfactory |
| the sense of smell. With the exception of prosimians, primates are relatively poor at olfactory sensing. |
| Omnivorous |
| the ability to live by eating both meat and vegetable foods. See carnivorous and herbivorous. |
| Order |
| a Linnaean classification category above the level of species and genus. Each order can consist of many species and genera. |